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CP-UDP

Building Safer Cities Together

Supporting the effective planning, design and development of safe urban environments.

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The Problem

Researchers from the Estonian Police and Border Guard identified a lack of consensus on the role of the police and other urban design stakeholders within an integrated Crime Prevention through Urban Design and Planning (CP-UDP) strategy. 

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Current Estonian legislation does not oblige planners to coordinate or consult with the police, and researchers found plans were submitted to the police for their opinion on security issues only on an ad hoc basis. A lack of effective communication between stakeholders was highlighted.

As a result, urban design and planning often fails to take security aspects into account — with police officers left to deal with the consequences of poor design decisions.

Research identified that the Estonian police should adopt a more 'professional' role within the planning process, as CP-UDP experts providing practical design advice.

This requires clearer definition of the CP-UDP role within the police organisation, and its consistent delivery over the longer term.

To be effective, CP-UDP needs the buy-in of all urban development stakeholders. While the Estonian police support the CP-UDP approach, research suggested that this is not always the case with local planners, architects, designers or development companies.

The Tool

The Building Safer Cities Together Tool — in Estonian,
"Koostöös turvalise ruumi loomine" — comprises a training
programme, policy guide and process protocol.

These components support

police, planners, architects and developers in developing a common understanding of CP-UDP and their role in its delivery.

Together with policy guidance and the process protocol,

the Tool enables Estonian Police and Border Guard officers to support the effective planning, design and development of safe urban environments.

Tool Components

01

Training programme

  • Practical training brings together police, planners, architects and developers and involves consideration of real security problems, discussions around trade-offs, and the collaborative development of solutions. This builds relationships and supports exchange of knowledge between disciplines. Training materials include:
    • Curriculum description
    • Presentation slides
    • Activity workbooks and worksheets
    • Plans for site visits or 'walkabouts'
    • Design materials to support intervention development.
02

Policy guidance

  • This supports effective Estonian police engagement in CP-UDP, and includes:
    • A published policy document
    • Policy presentation slides
03

CP-UDP process protocol

  • This document guides the practical engagement in CP-UDP by the Estonian Police, clarifying the process and different roles when working in partnership with local government, planning and urban design stakeholders. Content includes:
    • Process map and guidance
    • Role descriptions
    • Task / job descriptions
    • Case examples to inform practice
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End-users

The end-users of the Tool are:

Police officers, including community police officers

Architects and urban designers

Planners in local authority planning departments

Building developers

Students training for the above roles

These end-users were involved in Tool prototyping meetings, giving feedback on early versions of Tool materials both online and face-to-face. This was critical to the development of final designs that were feasible for implementation and acceptable to end-users.

The Tool will also be used to engage the 'next generation' of professionals involved in CP-UDP, including students of policing, architecture and urban planning.

Timeline

April – July 2019

Requirements capture

September 2019

CCI DesignLab

October 2019

Tool direction identified

October 2019 – September 2020

Tool development & prototyping

23–24 November 2020

Tool demonstration

14 December 2020

Training programme demonstration

17 December 2020

Tool demonstration

12 April 2021

National implementation workshop

30 June 2021

Local implementation workshop

Ongoing

Further implementation

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Research undertaken

Using the research methods and tools developed by the CCI project, the Estonian Police and Border Guard undertook a structured process of requirements capture research involving:

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01

Interviews with four police officers

02

Observational research with three local municipalities’ planning departments

03

Two focus groups with urban design stakeholders, including planners and architects

04

A workshop with 39 participants

05

Two online surveys

Research findings were analysed to identify themes. In addition, a process map of police engagement in CP-UDP was developed.

Tool demonstration

The Tool was introduced to the different end-users through online breakout sessions. During these, participants could use and review the different Tool components to better understand their utility and value.

Tool policy guidance and the CP-UDP process protocol were used by Estonian Police administrators, Ministry officials and heads of police departments.

The Tool training programme was undertaken by urban planners, architects, police officers, police training department officials and university officials.

In addition, the Tool was introduced as an agenda item in day-to-day meetings of end-users.

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Implementation

Tool implementation activities during the CCI project

  • A national workshop to support Tool implementation was held on 12 April 2021 and included TED-style panel discussions and presentations that were live-streamed online. The workshop was attended by 75 police officers and relevant CP-UDP practitioners.
  • A local implementation workshop for police officers was held on 30 June 2021 in Toosikannu in Estonia, in which 75 police officers participated.
  • Since the above workshops, the Tool has been in everyday use, helping create a safer environment for citizens. For example, using the Tool policy guidance, the police collaborated closely with local authorities in the development of Tondiraba park to design and develop a safer public environment for local residents. Estonian Police officers are now included as a stakeholder in urban residential development projects.

Tool implementation activities planned for the future

  • Implementation of the Training programme is currently in progress, with the first training course at the Estonian Academy of Security Sciences due to start January 2022.

Sources

01

Davey, C.L. & Wootton A.B. (2016). Integrating crime prevention into urban design and planning From European procedures to local delivery methods. Journal of Place management and Development, Vol. 9, No. 2 pp. 153-165

02

Levald,. A. et al (2010) “CPTED manual: Crime prevention through urban design”. Report of EU-funded project Development of existing urban design, planning and crime prevention methods and introduction of new ones to improve living environment safety (CPTED). Available: https://eucpn.org/sites/default/files/document/files/GP_EE_CPTED%20Manual%20for%20police%20officers.pdf

03

van Soomeren, P. (2007) Annex 15 – The European Standard for the Reduction of Crime and Fear of Crime by Urban Planning and Building Design: ENV 14383–2, Technical Report CEN/TR 14383–2, October 2007.

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Policy Implications

Effective crime prevention through urban
design and planning (CP-UDP) requires
improved cooperation between police,
local authority planners and development
industry professionals.

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This requires that police officers are supported to adopt a more formal CP-UDP consulting role.

CP-UDP is a proven approach to preventing crime and fostering safety and security. Policies and practices that support effective CP-UDP should be implemented across Europe.

CCI demonstrates the value of EU support for projects addressing CP-UDP.

Acknowledgements

Dorel Hiir

Kairi Ränk

Nurmely Mitrahovitš

Siim Linnard

Anna Kristiina Lätt,

Mari-Liis Mölder

Tõnu Randmer

Kaisa Kägu

Kelly Miido

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